| ERP | Orders, inventory, purchasing, costing, accounting | Epicor, Infor, Oracle NetSuite, ECI (JobBOSS2) | Owner or president at small plants; CFO or controller with IT at larger ones; corporate at many multi-site companies |
| MES | Work orders, digital work instructions, traceability, production counts | Siemens (Opcenter), AVEVA, Tulip, Critical Manufacturing | Plant manager or VP of operations, with engineering and IT review |
| Quoting and estimating | RFQ intake, cost estimates from drawings, quote packages, nesting | aPriori, SigmaNEST, CADDi | Owner or general manager; the estimator champions it |
| CMMS and asset reliability | Work orders, preventive maintenance, spare parts, condition sensors | IBM Maximo, MaintainX (Autodesk), Fiix, Augury | Maintenance manager champions; plant manager signs; enterprise asset systems go to corporate |
| Machine monitoring and IIoT | Machine state, downtime reasons, OEE, machine connectors, plant data platforms | Amper, Vorne, Kepware, Sight Machine | Plant manager or operations director; a controls or CI engineer champions |
| QMS and inspection software | Document control, CAPA, audits, SPC, first article inspection, supplier quality | ETQ, MasterControl, InfinityQS, Net-Inspect | Quality manager champions; plant manager or GM signs; corporate quality at multi-site companies |
| EHS | Incident tracking, chemical safety data sheets, inspections, training, compliance reporting | VelocityEHS, Cority, Intelex, SafetyCulture | EHS manager champions; plant manager signs; corporate EHS picks enterprise platforms |
| Supply chain and procurement | Sourcing, supplier collaboration, PO follow-up, risk | Coupa, JAGGAER, Resilinc, SupplyOn | Head of procurement or supply chain, with the CFO or controller |
| Industrial AI copilots and agents | Assistants and agents on existing plant data | Cognite, Seeq, Uptake, Siemens (Industrial Copilot) | Plant manager or VP of operations with IT; process engineers champion |
| Vision and quality AI | Machine vision cameras and sensors, AI defect detection, CMMs, 3D scanners | Cognex, Keyence, Zeiss, Hexagon | Quality or manufacturing engineering champions; plant manager signs, or a capital request |
| Robotics and physical AI | Industrial arms, cobots, welding and machine tending cells | FANUC, ABB, Universal Robots, Path Robotics | Owner or plant manager through a capital request; finance checks payback |
| CMMC and cyber | OT network visibility and threat detection, CMMC readiness, managed IT | Claroty, Dragos, Nozomi Networks, Summit 7 | Owner or president when a contract depends on it; IT or security leaders |
| Services | Automation integration, ERP implementation, audit, tax, advisory | JR Automation, Plante Moran, RSM, manufacturing extension centers | Owner, CEO or CFO; engineering manager for integration projects |